EdTech companies have created various online platforms to integrate technology into all aspects of life ( Al-Azawei et al., 2017 Englund et al., 2017 Santos et al., 2019). Due to technological advances, teaching methods, approaches and strategies have been updated. Undoubtedly, technology's influence on education has grown in recent years ( Almahasees and Jaccomard, 2020). With more Internet users, more individuals may utilize e-learning platforms for courses or degrees ( Global Market Insights, 2022). Evidently, as reported by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the number of people using the Internet worldwide has increased to roughly 4.9 billion in 2021 from 4.1 billion in 2019. Additionally, as the telecom and broadband industries develop, more reasonably priced Internet service options have become available to the general public. It has been reported that by 2021, the global e-learning market was worth more than US$ 315bn, and that between 20, it is expected to grow at a CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) of 20% ( Global Market Insights, 2022). However, the effectiveness of e-learning systems depends on the students' willingness to adopt and engage with them. Therefore, educators are increasingly using technological tools in the classroom to improve the educational experience for their students. At present, the success or failure of educational institutions is tied to the use of e-learning tools, which have been shown to significantly improve classroom instruction. Because of its accessibility and adaptability, online education has been recognized as a major innovation in the field of education ( Keller and Cernerud, 2002 LaRose et al., 2006). Computers, mobile devices, online forums and live online instruction are just a few of the tools that support e-learning ( Kotler and Armstromg, 2009). E-learning technology refers to a wide variety of communication, information and associated technologies that enhance teaching, learning and assessment.

Increases in Internet access throughout the world are widely seen as a key factor that fueled the e-learning technology sector. Globally, the Internet revolution has made online learning a popular option to face-to-face learning in recent years.

The full terms of this licence may be seen at

Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) licence. Published in Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning. Copyright © 2023, Pushkar Dubey, Resham Lal Pradhan and Kailash Kumar Sahu License

Hedonic motivation